开启 Spring Boot 的第一个 Web 项目

配置环境

本例子采用的开发环境如下：

JDK 8
Gradle 3.3
~~Eclipse Neon.2 Release (4.6.2)~~

其中，JDK 的安装，可以参阅《Java 编程要点》；Gradle 的安装可以参阅《Gradle 3 用户指南》

通过 Spring Initializr 初始化一个 Spring Boot 原型

访问网站 https://start.spring.io/，按照输入提示，我们输入相应的项目元数据（Project Metadata）资料，并选择依赖。由于我们是要初始化一个 Web 项目，所以在依赖搜索框里面，我们输入关键字“web”，并且选择“Web:Full-stack web development with Tomcat and Spring MVC”选项。顾名思义，该项目将会采用 Spring MVC 作为 MVC 的框架，并且集成了 Tomcat 作为内嵌的 Web 容器。

这里我们采用 Gradle 作为项目管理工具， Spring Boot 版本选型为 1.4.3，点击“Generate Project”，此时，可以下载到以项目“initializr-start”命名的 zip 包。该压缩包包含了这个原型项目的所有源码以及配置。

用 Gradle 编译项目

在项目根目录下，执行 gradle build进行构建，构建过程如下：

D:\workspaceGithub\spring-boot-tutorial\samples\initializr-start>gradle build
Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-gradle-plugin-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-tools/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-tools-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-parent/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-parent-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-dependencies/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-dependencies-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-framework-bom/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-framework-bom-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/data/spring-data-releasetrain/Hopper-SR6/spring-data-releasetrain-Hopper-SR6.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/data/build/spring-data-build/1.8.6.RELEASE/spring-data-build-1.8.6.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/integration/spring-integration-bom/4.3.6.RELEASE/spring-integration-bom-4.3.6.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/security/spring-security-bom/4.1.4.RELEASE/spring-security-bom-4.1.4.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-loader-tools/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-loader-tools-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/spring/gradle/dependency-management-plugin/0.6.1.RELEASE/dependency-management-plugin-0.6.1.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-core/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-core-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-gradle-plugin-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-loader-tools/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-loader-tools-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/spring/gradle/dependency-management-plugin/0.6.1.RELEASE/dependency-management-plugin-0.6.1.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-core/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-core-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
:compileJava
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-parent/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-parent-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starters/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starters-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hibernate/hibernate-validator/5.2.4.Final/hibernate-validator-5.2.4.Final.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hibernate/hibernate-validator-parent/5.2.4.Final/hibernate-validator-parent-5.2.4.Final.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/arquillian/arquillian-bom/1.1.9.Final/arquillian-bom-1.1.9.Final.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/shrinkwrap/shrinkwrap-bom/1.2.2/shrinkwrap-bom-1.2.2.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/shrinkwrap/resolver/shrinkwrap-resolver-bom/2.1.1/shrinkwrap-resolver-bom-2.1.1.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/shrinkwrap/descriptors/shrinkwrap-descriptors-bom/2.0.0-alpha-7/shrinkwrap-descriptors-bom-2.0.0-alpha-7.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.8.5/jackson-databind-2.8.5.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/jackson-parent/2.8/jackson-parent-2.8.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/oss-parent/27/oss-parent-27.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.17/snakeyaml-1.17.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.6/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.6.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/8.5.6/tomcat-embed-el-8.5.6.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/8.5.6/tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.6.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/logging/jboss-logging/3.3.0.Final/jboss-logging-3.3.0.Final.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/jboss-parent/15/jboss-parent-15.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/classmate/1.3.3/classmate-1.3.3.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.8.5/jackson-annotations-2.8.5.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.8.5/jackson-core-2.8.5.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-aop/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-aop-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-beans/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-beans-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-context/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-context-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-expression/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-expression-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.8/logback-classic-1.1.8.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ch/qos/logback/logback-parent/1.1.8/logback-parent-1.1.8.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j/1.7.22/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.22.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/slf4j-parent/1.7.22/slf4j-parent-1.7.22.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.22/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.22.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/log4j-over-slf4j/1.7.22/log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.22.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.1.8/logback-core-1.1.8.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.22/slf4j-api-1.7.22.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hibernate/hibernate-validator/5.2.4.Final/hibernate-validator-5.2.4.Final.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.8.5/jackson-databind-2.8.5.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.17/snakeyaml-1.17.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.6/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.6.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/8.5.6/tomcat-embed-el-8.5.6.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/8.5.6/tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.6.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/logging/jboss-logging/3.3.0.Final/jboss-logging-3.3.0.Final.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/classmate/1.3.3/classmate-1.3.3.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.8.5/jackson-annotations-2.8.5.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.8.5/jackson-core-2.8.5.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-aop/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-aop-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-beans/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-beans-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-context/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-context-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-expression/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-expression-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.8/logback-classic-1.1.8.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j/1.7.22/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.22.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.22/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.22.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/log4j-over-slf4j/1.7.22/log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.22.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.1.8/logback-core-1.1.8.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.22/slf4j-api-1.7.22.jar
:processResources
:classes
:findMainClass
:jar
:bootRepackage
:assemble
:compileTestJava
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-test/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-test-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-test-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.4.3.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/jayway/jsonpath/json-path/2.2.0/json-path-2.2.0.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/assertj/assertj-core/2.5.0/assertj-core-2.5.0.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/assertj/assertj-parent-pom/2.1.4/assertj-parent-pom-2.1.4.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/mockito/mockito-core/1.10.19/mockito-core-1.10.19.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/skyscreamer/jsonassert/1.3.0/jsonassert-1.3.0.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-test/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-test-4.3.5.RELEASE.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/minidev/json-smart/2.2.1/json-smart-2.2.1.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/objenesis/objenesis/2.1/objenesis-2.1.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/objenesis/objenesis-parent/2.1/objenesis-parent-2.1.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/json/json/20140107/json-20140107.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/minidev/accessors-smart/1.1/accessors-smart-1.1.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/minidev/minidev-parent/2.2/minidev-parent-2.2.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm/5.0.3/asm-5.0.3.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm-parent/5.0.3/asm-parent-5.0.3.pom
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-test/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-test-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-test-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure/1.4.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.4.3.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/jayway/jsonpath/json-path/2.2.0/json-path-2.2.0.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/assertj/assertj-core/2.5.0/assertj-core-2.5.0.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/mockito/mockito-core/1.10.19/mockito-core-1.10.19.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/skyscreamer/jsonassert/1.3.0/jsonassert-1.3.0.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-test/4.3.5.RELEASE/spring-test-4.3.5.RELEASE.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/minidev/json-smart/2.2.1/json-smart-2.2.1.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/objenesis/objenesis/2.1/objenesis-2.1.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/json/json/20140107/json-20140107.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/minidev/accessors-smart/1.1/accessors-smart-1.1.jar
Download https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm/5.0.3/asm-5.0.3.jar
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses
:test
:check
:build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 7 mins 53.226 secs

编译成功后，可以看到根目录下多出了一个 build目录，在该目录build/libs下可以看到一个 initializr-start-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar，该文件就是我们项目编译后的可执行文件。运行该文件：

java -jar build/libs/initializr-start-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

成功运行后，可以在控制台看到如下输出：

D:\workspaceGithub\spring-boot-tutorial\samples\initializr-start>java -jar build/libs/initializr-start-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.4.3.RELEASE)

2017-01-13 22:34:48.625  INFO 11116 --- [           main] c.w.s.boot.InitializrStartApplication    : Starting InitializrStartApplication on AFOIA-610151209 with PID 11116 (D:\workspaceGithub\spring-boot-tutorial\samples\initializr-start\build\libs\initializr-start-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by Administrator in D:\workspaceGithub\spring-boot-tutorial\samples\initializr-start)
2017-01-13 22:34:48.631  INFO 11116 --- [           main] c.w.s.boot.InitializrStartApplication    : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-01-13 22:34:48.777  INFO 11116 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@45283ce2: startup date [Fri Jan 13 22:34:48 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-13 22:34:51.477  INFO 11116 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-13 22:34:51.537  INFO 11116 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service Tomcat
2017-01-13 22:34:51.539  INFO 11116 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.6
2017-01-13 22:34:51.746  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-01-13 22:34:51.747  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2974 ms
2017-01-13 22:34:51.995  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.005  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.006  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.006  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.007  INFO 11116 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.440  INFO 11116 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@45283ce2: startup date [Fri Jan 13 22:34:48 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-13 22:34:52.556  INFO 11116 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2017-01-13 22:34:52.557  INFO 11116 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2017-01-13 22:34:52.604  INFO 11116 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.604  INFO 11116 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.660  INFO 11116 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-01-13 22:34:52.877  INFO 11116 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-01-13 22:34:53.070  INFO 11116 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-13 22:34:53.080  INFO 11116 --- [           main] c.w.s.boot.InitializrStartApplication    : Started InitializrStartApplication in 5.397 seconds (JVM running for 6.512)

从输出内容我们可以看到，该项目是使用的 Tomcat 容器，使用的端口号是 8080。

在控制台输入“Ctrl + C”，可以关闭该程序。

探索项目

在启动项目后，在浏览器里面输入 http://localhost:8080/，我们可以得到如下信息：

Whitelabel Error Page

This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.
Wed Jan 25 21:33:34 CST 2017
There was an unexpected error (type=Not Found, status=404).
No message available

由于，在我们项目里面，还没有任何对请求的处理程序，所以返回了上述错误提示信息。

我们观察下这个项目的目录结构：

initializr-start
│  .gitignore
│  build.gradle
│  gradlew
│  gradlew.bat
│
├─.gradle
│  └─3.3
│      └─taskArtifacts
│              fileHashes.bin
│              fileSnapshots.bin
│              taskArtifacts.bin
│              taskArtifacts.lock
│
├─build
│  ├─classes
│  │  ├─main
│  │  │  └─com
│  │  │      └─waylau
│  │  │          └─spring
│  │  │              └─boot
│  │  │                      InitializrStartApplication.class
│  │  │
│  │  └─test
│  │      └─com
│  │          └─waylau
│  │              └─spring
│  │                  └─boot
│  │                          InitializrStartApplicationTests.class
│  │
│  ├─libs
│  │      initializr-start-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
│  │      initializr-start-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar.original
│  │
│  ├─reports
│  │  └─tests
│  │      └─test
│  │          │  index.html
│  │          │
│  │          ├─classes
│  │          │      com.waylau.spring.boot.InitializrStartApplicationTests.html
│  │          │
│  │          ├─css
│  │          │      base-style.css
│  │          │      style.css
│  │          │
│  │          ├─js
│  │          │      report.js
│  │          │
│  │          └─packages
│  │                  com.waylau.spring.boot.html
│  │
│  ├─resources
│  │  └─main
│  │          application.properties
│  │
│  ├─test-results
│  │  └─test
│  │      │  TEST-com.waylau.spring.boot.InitializrStartApplicationTests.xml
│  │      │
│  │      └─binary
│  │              output.bin
│  │              output.bin.idx
│  │              results.bin
│  │
│  └─tmp
│      ├─compileJava
│      │  └─emptySourcePathRef
│      ├─compileTestJava
│      │  └─emptySourcePathRef
│      └─jar
│              MANIFEST.MF
│
├─gradle
│  └─wrapper
│          gradle-wrapper.jar
│          gradle-wrapper.properties
│
└─src
    ├─main
    │  ├─java
    │  │  └─com
    │  │      └─waylau
    │  │          └─spring
    │  │              └─boot
    │  │                      InitializrStartApplication.java
    │  │
    │  └─resources
    │          application.properties
    │
    └─test
        └─java
            └─com
                └─waylau
                    └─spring
                        └─boot
                                InitializrStartApplicationTests.java

1. build.gradle 文件

在项目的根目录，我们可以看到build.gradle 文件，这个是项目的构建脚本。Gradle 是以 Groovy 语言为基础，面向 Java 应用为主。基于DSL（领域特定语言）语法的自动化构建工具。Gradle这个工具集成了构建，测试，发布和其他，比如软件打包，生成注释文档等功能。跟以往 Maven 等构架工具不同，配置文件不需要繁琐的 XML ，而是简洁的 Groovy 语言脚本。

本项目的配置说明，我已经做了解释，如下：

// buildscript 代码块中脚本优先执行
buildscript {

    // ext 用于定义动态属
    ext {
        springBootVersion = '1.4.3.RELEASE'
    }

    // 使用了 Maven 的中央仓库（你也可以指定其他仓库）
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }

    // 依赖关系
    dependencies {
        // classpath 声明说明了在执行其余的脚本时，ClassLoader 可以使用这些依赖项
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
    }
}

// 使用插件
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

// 打包的类型为 jar，并指定了生成的打包的文件名称和版本
jar {
    baseName = 'initializr-start'
    version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
}

// 指定编译 .java 文件的 JDK 版本
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

// 使用了 Maven 的中央仓库
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

// 依赖关系
dependencies {
    // 该依赖对于编译发行是必须的
    compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
    // 该依赖对于编译测试是必须的，默认包含编译产品依赖和编译时依
    testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

2. gradlew 和 gradlew.bat

自动完成 Gradle 环境的脚本，在类似 Unix 的平台上(如 Linux 和 Mac OS)，下直接运行grfadlew脚本会自动完成 Gradle 环境的搭建。而在 Windouws 环境下，则执行 gradlew.bat 文件。

3. build 和 .gradle 目录

build 和.gradle 目录都是在 Gradle 对项目进行构建后生成的。

4. gradle/wrapper

Gradle Wrapper 可以使得项目组成员不必预先安装好 Gradle，就会自动下载 Gradle。好处是便于统一项目所使用的 Gradle 版本。由于本例已经事先安装好了 Gradle，所以并没有用到 Gradle Wrapper。 gradle-wrapper.properties是用来说明 Gradle Wrapper 的配置情况。

distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-2.13-bin.zip

其中 distributionUrl 说明了 Gradle 发布包下载的路径。从上述配置可以看出， Spring Boot 采用的是 Gradle 2.13 版本。

5. src 目录

如果你用过 Maven，那么肯定对 src 目录不默认。约定该目录下的 main目录下是程序的源码，test下是测试代码。

开启 Spring Boot 的第一个 Web 项目

开启 Spring Boot 的第一个 Web 项目

配置环境

通过 Spring Initializr 初始化一个 Spring Boot 原型

用 Gradle 编译项目

探索项目

1. build.gradle 文件

2. gradlew 和 gradlew.bat

3. build 和 .gradle 目录

4. gradle/wrapper

5. src 目录

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